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The required minimum height for guards, particularly in the context of safety and building codes, is specified as 42 inches. This standard is in place to ensure adequate fall protection for occupants, especially in commercial buildings where there is a risk of falling from elevated surfaces such as balconies, stairways, and landings. A height of 42 inches provides a significant barrier that helps prevent accidents, particularly in areas where children or individuals may be present.

This height has been established based on safety studies and industry practices to provide a balance between preventing falls and not being too excessive that it hinders accessibility or visibility. Using guardrails at this height is a common regulatory measure adopted by various building codes, including the International Building Code (IBC).

Other heights such as 30 inches, 36 inches, and 48 inches either do not meet the established safety requirements or may create impracticalities in function and use. Therefore, the standard of 42 inches serves as a robust guideline to promote safety in commercial buildings.